Use Telegram Bot API And Python To Send Text Messages And Photos

Python Telegram • • By

Telegram, a cloud-based messaging service, offers a bot API for developers. Asynchronous methods excel for I/O-bound tasks and concurrent operations, while synchronous methods suit CPU-bound or sequential tasks. To use Telegram bots, create one via BotFather, obtain a token, and implement message-sending functionality using Python libraries like python-telegram-bot.

Introduction To Telegram And Bot

Telegram is a cloud-based instant messaging and voice-over IP service. It is a freeware, open-source, cross-platform messaging service. Telegram provides a bot API for developers to create and manage bots.

Asynchronous And Synchronous Methods

Since Python 3.5, asyncio is a built-in library for asynchronous programming. Asynchronous programming is a way to handle multiple tasks at once without waiting for each task to complete.

Async Is Better When:

  1. Your program is I/O bound (spending most time waiting for external operations like network requests, file operations, or database queries)
  2. You need to handle many concurrent operations, like serving multiple web requests
  3. The tasks are independent and can run concurrently without complex coordination

Synchronous (Single-threaded) Is Better When:

  1. Your program is CPU bound (doing heavy computations)
  2. Tasks need to be processed sequentially
  3. The code is simple and doesn’t require concurrency
  4. You want more straightforward debugging and error handling

Preparation

Create a Telegram bot and get a token

  1. Open Telegram and search for “@BotFather”
  2. Start a chat with BotFather
  3. Send “/newbot” and follow the instructions
  4. You’ll receive a token for your bot – keep it secure!

Get your chat ID

  1. Add your bot to the desired chat
  2. Send a message to the chat
  3. Visit: https://api.telegram.org/bot<YourBOTToken>/getUpdates
  4. Look for the “chat” : {“id” : number} in the response

Steps of The Asynchronous Method

Install the required library

Use the command to install python-telegram-bot library. Note that is not python-telegram

pip install python-telegram-bot

Asynchronous Method Code

Replace the placeholder values in the code

  1. Replace “your_bot_token_here” with your actual bot token
  2. Replace “your_chat_id_here” with your chat ID

The code provides two main methods

  1. send_message() for sending text messages
  2. send_photo() for sending photos with optional captions
from telegram import Bot
from telegram.error import TelegramError
import asyncio
import logging
class TelegramSender:
    def __init__(self, bot_token):
        """
        Initialize the TelegramSender with a bot token.
        
        Args:
            bot_token (str): The bot token obtained from BotFather
        """
        self.bot = Bot(token=bot_token)
        
        # Set up logging
        logging.basicConfig(
            format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s',
            level=logging.INFO
        )
        self.logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
    async def send_message(self, chat_id, message, parse_mode=None):
        """
        Send a message to a specific chat.
        
        Args:
            chat_id (int/str): The ID of the chat to send the message to
            message (str): The message text to send
            parse_mode (str, optional): Parse mode for formatting (HTML or Markdown)
        
        Returns:
            bool: True if successful, False otherwise
        """
        try:
            await self.bot.send_message(
                chat_id=chat_id,
                text=message,
                parse_mode=parse_mode
            )
            self.logger.info(f"Message sent successfully to chat {chat_id}")
            return True
            
        except TelegramError as e:
            self.logger.error(f"Failed to send message: {str(e)}")
            return False
    async def send_photo(self, chat_id, photo_path, caption=None):
        """
        Send a photo to a specific chat.
        
        Args:
            chat_id (int/str): The ID of the chat to send the photo to
            photo_path (str): Path to the photo file
            caption (str, optional): Caption for the photo
        
        Returns:
            bool: True if successful, False otherwise
        """
        try:
            with open(photo_path, 'rb') as photo:
                await self.bot.send_photo(
                    chat_id=chat_id,
                    photo=photo,
                    caption=caption
                )
            self.logger.info(f"Photo sent successfully to chat {chat_id}")
            return True
            
        except (TelegramError, IOError) as e:
            self.logger.error(f"Failed to send photo: {str(e)}")
            return False
# Example usage
async def main():
    # Replace with your bot token and chat ID
    BOT_TOKEN = "your_bot_token_here"
    CHAT_ID = "your_chat_id_here"
    
    sender = TelegramSender('your_bot_token')
    
    # Send a text message
    await sender.send_message(
       'your_chat_id',
        "Hello! This is a test message.",
        parse_mode="HTML"
    )
    
    # Send a photo with caption
    await sender.send_photo(
       'your_chat_id',,
        "path/to/your/photo.jpg",
        "Check out this photo!"
    )
if __name__ == "__main__":
    asyncio.run(main())

Synchronous Method Code

import logging
import requests
from telegram import Bot
from telegram.error import TelegramError

class TelegramSender:
    '''
    Telegram Sender Class
    '''
    def __init__(self, bot_token):
        '''
        Initialize the TelegramSender class
        '''
        self.bot_token = bot_token
    def send_message(self, chat_id, message):
        '''
        Send a message to a specific chat
        '''
        base_url = f"https://api.telegram.org/bot{self.bot_token}"
        try:
            # Send text message
            message_url = f"{base_url}/sendMessage"
            message_params = {
                'chat_id': chat_id,
                'text': message,
                'parse_mode': 'HTML'
            }
            response = requests.post(message_url, params=message_params)
            if response.status_code == 200:
                print("Text message sent successfully!")
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"An error occurred: {e}")
    def send_photo(self, chat_id, path, caption=''):
        '''
        Send a message to a specific chat
        '''
        base_url = f"https://api.telegram.org/bot{self.bot_token}"
        try:
            # Send image
            photo_url = f"{base_url}/sendPhoto"
            # Method 1: Send image from local file
            with open(path, 'rb') as photo:
                files = {'photo': photo}
                params = {'chat_id': chat_id, 'caption': caption}
                response = requests.post(photo_url, params=params, files=files)
                if response.status_code == 200:
                    print("Local image sent successfully!")
            # Method 2: Send image from URL
            params = {
                'chat_id': chat_id,
                'photo': 'https://example.com/image.jpg',  # Replace with your image URL
                'caption': 'Image from URL'
            }
            response = requests.post(photo_url, params=params)
            if response.status_code == 200:
                print("Image from URL sent successfully!")
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"An error occurred: {e}")

def main():
    sender = TelegramSender('your_bot_token')
    # Send a text message
    sender.send_message(
        "your_chat_id",
        "Hello! This is a test message.",
        parse_mode="HTML"
    )
    # Send a photo with caption
    sender.send_photo(
        "your_chat_id",
        "path/to/your/photo.jpg",
        "Check out this photo!"
    )

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